Physics 226W Lab Information and Help page.

Endgame and status as of April 13th

Endgame and status

Groups and Lab assignments

Week of Jan. 19th

Week of Feb. 2nd

Week of Feb. 9th

Week of Feb. 16th

Week of Feb. 23rd

Week of March 9th

Week of March 23rd

Electronic logbook (ELOG)

This semester we will be using the electronic logbook to store your data and upload your lab reports, pictures etc. Once you know what group you are in, you can go to the web page below and create an account for yourself in the correct section (Check the times!) and group (check your group assignment above).

ELOG Electronic Logbook

Plan for the semester

For each lab below, I have written down what I think are the important hypotheses to address in your lab report. The laboratory writeups and procedures supplied on the web page are there to let you become familiar with the experimental techniques and the questions asked in the writeups are meant to stimulate your thinking. The questions from the write-ups are useful, and I expect you to answer them. I've added some notes on each experiment to guide your (short! 1-3 pages!) lab report. Be sure your arguments are consistent with your data and analysis.

Instructor: Will Johns < will.johns@vanderbilt.edu>

Office: SC6906 and SC6924

Phone: 34(3-8295)

Office Hours: Thursday Afternoon before colloquium (You can try other times too, I may be busy.)

TA: Aroshan Jayasinghe <aroshan.k.jayasinghe@vanderbilt.edu>

You are required use the electronic logbook that you used last semester. Please include in your logbook your notes and your primary data and observations. The bulk of your work should be in your lab book. Your lab book should be kept in a way that lets your work be repeated by other people. (Especially me!) If I can't repeat your analysis from the supplied information, I can't grade your report.

In your lab report, please summarize your findings, including any error estimates you make. Attach it to your notes etc. in the Electronic lab book

The lab report for a particular lab is nominally due one week after you finish the analysis in the class period following the data taking. In principle, the summary should not take a great deal of outside lab time. If you are doing things right, you will spend more time preparing for the lab and doing the analysis in class than writing the summary.

If possible, you should take some time and ask someone who is doing the lab you are going to work on next 1) what to watch out for, 2) what they are doing, and 3) can I see how that works? An investment of a few minutes here can save you an hour or more when you do the lab.

The lab has traditionally been worth 25% of your 226W grade. Each Lab report gets a score of 100 points. 50 of those points are for your results being consistent with your data, and for your data being consistent with what you were supposed to be doing. (I.e. you can't measure the outside temperature instead of the muon lifetime and say what the outside temperature was in your report and expect 50 points! Likewise, if you made your best effort to take the data and it's just plain wrong, and you report this well, this is an honest report and I can't see knocking off points because of that.) So I really need your summary in addition to the copy of the lab book pages. The remaining 50 points are for how you handled the questions asked in the lab write up and how well you addressed the hypothesis and summarized you results in the lab report.

We will have 14 lab periods together, though the first period consists of an introduction to fitting a straight line and a radiation safety orientation. The Muon lab is set to collect data for a week, but the other experiments have been done in a single week. Additionally, there is an extra lab period for each experiment devoted to doing your analysis.

Keep a good logbook with all your data and notes in it. Keep your summary (lab report) useful and correct (and brief if possible). I will mark reports up and have you rewrite them.

If you have an idea for an experiment you would like to perform, but you don't see it in the list below, please put together a proposal before spring break and I'll see if we can do it later in the semester.

  1. Muon Lab: The muon has a lifetime of 2.1970 microseconds. (Part 1) (Part 2) (Express Setup) (Setup Principle) (Setup data taking suggestions) (A note on "deadtime".)
  2. Gamma Coincidence:(new write-up!) The photons emitted from a low energy positron anhiliation with an electron are emitted at an angle of 180 degrees with respect to each other. You can find an example of finding averages and so on from histogrammed data here
  3. Polarization: Visible light is an electromagnetic wave and its properties can be changed by a magnetic field as well as properties of the material it passes through. NOTE: Only the second part of the lab is done for 226W.
  4. Gamma Spectroscopy: (One week total) 1) The horns below the main gamma peak are the limits of the Compton energies. 2) The ore sample is composed primarily of Uranium 238.
  5. Proportional Tube: (One week total) The gain in a proportional tube is an exponential function of the voltage and the physical characteristics of the tube and the gas employed.

    Some of my notes on what to watch out for.

    1. Muon Lab: Set Up for Data taking and Analysis notes
    2. Gamma Coincidence Lab: Set Up for Data taking and Analysis notes
    3. Polarization Lab: Analysis notes
    4. Gamma Spectroscopy: Analysis notes
    5. Prop Tube: Please solder the wire rather than crimping it (a good, but temporary technique). Be sure to measure the tube diameter! Does your data agree with predictions? Do the error extrapolation and overlay your data on the expected curve.

    Sample Lab, Lab Book pages and report

    Gamma Ray Absorption: Absorption of gamma rays by material is an exponential process. (I may have you guys to this one too!)

    Lab Book pages: I got a little carried away with fitting stuff.

    Lab Report: A brief note on what we did, what happened and what to do next.

    Lab Report: A brief note on what we did in 2007.

    Excel Example in .xls file of the 2006 Collimated data: You can modify this file and fit data that you have to a straight line. Be sure that you do modify and pay attantion to what you are doing. Here is the Un-Collimated excel file.

    2008 Data and notes Data and notes on what we did in 2008.

    2008 Data and notes Rough graph with what we did in 2008.

    Source material, downloads etc.

    Intro to Statistics

    Notes: Some of this I skipped in class cause you guys said you were familiar with a gaussian and counting statistics.

    Poisson Distribution

    Poisson and Gaussian Distributions

    Sum of Random Numbers

    Gaussian Behavior of random sum

    Intro to fitting and parameter determination

    Notes : This has the correlated errors and the gory math details of the fit to a straight line taking errors on y into account.

    Next, I rebin some exponentially distributed data, take the natural log of the bin entries and fit the data with a method described in class. On the first page, I show a fit to the exponentail using a sophisticated fitting program. The next page down has the example using the technique from the notes and from the class discussion we had on the exponential decay. This is a very useful technique!

    Exponential Decay Data

    Example of fitting to Exponential Decay Data

    Data used in fit example.

    Powerful and Free analysis and fitting package (PAW) Intro to Physics "spreadsheeting" with PAW

    Other Web pages to check out: (Note: this is the official class web site.)

    Vanderbilt Safety Page Lots of info on Doctors and patients. Have to dig for pertinent info.

    Prof. Webster's page of 225 labs and info

    My old 225 lab and info page

    My old 225b course and info page (There are worked homework problems here!)

    Thanks, w.j.